Applications of Derivatives · Tangent & Normal Lines

Normal Line

yf(a)=1f(a)(xa)y - f(a) = -\frac{1}{f'(a)}(x - a)

The normal line is perpendicular to the tangent line. Its slope is the negative reciprocal of the derivative.

Conditions. f'(a) ≠ 0.
  • 3 variables
  • 2 worked examples
  • 15 in Applications of Derivatives

Variables

Variables used in the Normal Line formula
SymbolNameUnit
ax-coordinate
The x-value of the point
-
faf(a)
The y-value at x = a
-
fpaf'(a)
The derivative at x = a
-

Worked examples

Find the normal line to f(x) = x² at x = 3.
  1. f(3) = 9, f'(3) = 6
  2. Normal slope = -1/6
  3. y - 9 = (-1/6)(x - 3)

Answer: y = -x/6 + 19/2

1 more worked examplePremium

Find the normal line to f(x) = x³ at x = 1.

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Practice

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