Parametric, Polar & Vectors · Vector Operations

Angle Between Vectors

cosθ=uvuv\cos\theta = \frac{\vec{u} \cdot \vec{v}}{|\vec{u}||\vec{v}|}

The angle between two vectors is found using the dot product divided by the product of their magnitudes.

  • 4 variables
  • 2 worked examples
  • 12 in Parametric, Polar & Vectors

Variables

Variables used in the Angle Between Vectors formula
SymbolNameUnit
u1u x-component -
u2u y-component -
v1v x-component -
v2v y-component -

Worked examples

Find the angle between ⟨1, 0⟩ and ⟨1, 1⟩.
  1. u · v = 1. |u| = 1, |v| = √2.
  2. cos θ = 1/√2 → θ = π/4 = 45°

Answer: π/4 (45°)

1 more worked examplePremium

Find the angle between ⟨1, 2, 3⟩ and ⟨-1, 0, 1⟩.

Step-by-step solution locked.

Unlock the full working. CalcRef Premium opens the step-by-step solution above, and 141 worked solutions across the whole library - the intermediate lines, not just the answer. The formula statement, its conditions, its variables and the first worked example stay free on every page.

See all 12 Parametric, Polar & Vectors formulas on one printable sheet - the same statements and conditions as these pages, typeset and laid out for paper.

Practice

Quiz yourself on Parametric, Polar & Vectors

Angle Between Vectors is one of 12 Parametric, Polar & Vectors formulas in CalcRef, out of 136 in the library. Today's free round is 10 mixed multiple-choice questions drawn from the same dataset as this page, refreshed every day and replayable as often as you like - no account needed.